Itiswell-knownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Manyillustrations（事例）couldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylifebutwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologists（心理学家）istheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressureAschandothersnoticedthatpeopleinagroupwillagreetostatementsthatarecontrarytotheevidenceoftheirsenses.Itwouldbeamistaketothinkthatonlyparticularlydocile（听话的）peoplearechosentotakepartinexperimentsofthistype.Usuallyhighlyintelligentandindependentpeopleareused.Inatypicalexperimentthisiswhatmayhappen.
Theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupwhichisinvestigatingvisualperception（视觉）.Thevictimsarenotthereforeawareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecooperatingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard;oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Whenhisturncomesheisfacedwiththeunanimous（全体一致的）opinionoftherestofthegroup-alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillbedo?AccordingtoAschmorethanhalfofthevietimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthatwheninterviewedabouttheiranswersmostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheygaveintothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion（视错觉），orbecausetheywereafraidofbeingdifferent.
53．Thepsychologistsareparticularlyinterestedin .
A．thechangesintheattitudesofthepeople
B．thedegreeofchangesofpeople’sopinions
C．theresultoftheexperiment
D．thedifferenceinpeople’scharacters
54．Peoplewhoareusuallychosentotakepartintheexper
